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Daniel Fernandez Sotolongo 1338bdd211 documentacion del articulo
2025-09-15 13:27:59 -04:00

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<div id="viewer" class="pdfViewer"><div class="page" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" data-page-number="1" data-loaded="true"><div style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" class="canvasWrapper"><canvas moz-opaque="" width="780" height="1111" style="width: 780px; height: 1111px;" aria-label="Página 1"></canvas></div><div class="textLayer" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;"><span style="left: 723.95px; top: 192.894px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif;">1</span><span style="left: 202.845px; top: 1036.9px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.837015);">Equidad Desarro. ISSN 1692-7311 </span><span style="left: 382.831px; top: 1039.58px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 386.164px; top: 1036.9px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.760502);"> E-ISSN: 2389-8844 </span><span style="left: 491.264px; top: 1039.58px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 494.597px; top: 1036.9px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.658762);"> N.º 46 </span><span style="left: 533.485px; top: 1039.58px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 536.818px; top: 1036.9px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.932175);"> julio-diciembre de 2025</span><span style="left: 89.7638px; top: 55.2758px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988303);">https://doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss46.5389</span><span style="left: 89.7638px; top: 103.847px; font-size: 30px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03717);">Pensamiento sistémico, complejidad </span><span style="left: 89.7638px; top: 137.177px; font-size: 30px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03158);">y modelos de simulación: paradigmas </span><span style="left: 89.7638px; top: 170.507px; font-size: 30px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02872);">para enfrentar los retos del siglo XXI</span><span style="left: 89.7638px; top: 227.943px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04462);">Leopoldo Sánchez Cantú</span><span style="left: 247.096px; top: 231.374px; font-size: 11.6667px; font-family: monospace;">*</span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 780.396px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10233);">Cómo citar este artículo: </span><span style="left: 281.318px; top: 780.529px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01545);">Sánchez-Cantú, L. (2025). Pensamiento sistémico, complejidad y mo</span><span style="left: 657.964px; top: 780.529px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 798.023px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00941);">delos de simulación: paradigmas para enfrentar los retos del siglo XXI. </span><span style="left: 519.896px; top: 798.103px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.989443);">Equidad y desarrollo</span><span style="left: 629.83px; top: 798.023px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.840032);">, (46). </span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 815.516px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.951922);">https://doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss46.5389</span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 856.466px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06674);">Fecha de recibido: </span><span style="left: 241.216px; top: 859.399px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998581);">18 de mayo de 2025 </span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 873.959px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0567);">Fecha de aprobado: </span><span style="left: 246.46px; top: 876.892px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01361);">16 de junio de 2025</span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 896.319px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif;">*</span><span style="left: 161.43px; top: 896.319px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02755);">Doctor en Ingeniería de Sistemas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México), Magíster en </span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 913.812px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02672);">Ciencias de la Universidad McGill (Canadá) y Médico Cirujano de la Universidad de La Salle </span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 931.306px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02409);">(México). Docente de la Facultad de Economía, Empresa y Desarrollo Sostenible. Universidad </span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 948.799px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02465);">de La Salle, Bogotá. Correo electrónico: lesanchez@unisalle.edu.co. ORCID: https://orcid.</span><span style="left: 132.284px; top: 966.292px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01581);">org/0009-0006-6438-9731</span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 320.77px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12337);">Resumen</span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 348.865px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02743);">Proponemos que el pensamiento sistémico y el pensamiento </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 368.86px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00744);">complejo son paradigmas adecuados para comprender y enfrentar </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 388.855px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.994434);">los problemas retadores de la humanidad, y para diseñar </span><span style="left: 603.927px; top: 388.855px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.990441);">abordajes </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 408.85px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.956433);">más efectivos, equitativos, éticos y sostenibles. Se describen los </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 428.845px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00155);">llamados “problemas perversos”, mostrando la importancia de </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 448.84px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969287);">reconocerlos y destacando las razones que los hacen particular-</span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 468.835px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04045);">mente difíciles de comprender y manejar. Además, se describen </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 488.83px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993315);">el pensamiento sistémico y el pensamiento complejo, y se justifica </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 508.825px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00283);">que, para comprender las múltiples dimensiones de los </span><span style="left: 598.092px; top: 508.825px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00307);">problemas </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 528.82px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02138);">perversos, es indispensable el abordaje transdisciplinar. Se enun-</span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 548.815px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.986383);">cian las metodologías utilizadas por las ciencias de la complejidad, </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 568.81px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.952133);">clasificadas en tres tipos de modelos: (1) cualitativos agregados, </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 588.805px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01806);">(2) cuantitativos agregados y (3) individuales. Adicional, se pun-</span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 608.8px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988886);">tualizan las características más importantes de los modelos de </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 628.795px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03966);">simulación en general, destacando el enfoque </span><span style="left: 551.142px; top: 628.795px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0306);">sobre el problema </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 648.79px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996846);">de interés. En la conclusión, se resaltan factores que deberán </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 668.785px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975064);">tenerse presentes al abordar los problemas más apremiantes de </span><span style="left: 264.567px; top: 688.78px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04002);">la comunidad.</span><span style="left: 99.2125px; top: 530.704px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0234);">pensamiento sistémico; </span><span style="left: 99.2125px; top: 549.038px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00217);">problemas perversos; </span><span style="left: 99.2125px; top: 567.371px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01776);">complejidad; modelos </span><span style="left: 99.2125px; top: 585.704px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03022);">de simulación.</span><span style="left: 99.2127px; top: 668.632px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992173);">A12, C63, D81</span><span style="left: 100.158px; top: 635.773px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05097);">Clasificación JEL:</span><span style="left: 100.158px; top: 501.103px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02416);">Palabras clave:</span><div class="endOfContent"></div></div><div class="annotationLayer"><section data-annotation-id="141R" style="transform: matrix(1.66667, 0, 0, 1.66667, 0, 0); transform-origin: -53.8583px -31.486px 0px; left: 53.8583px; top: 31.486px; width: 140.392px; height: 9.856px;" class="linkAnnotation"><a title="https://doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss46.5389" href="https://doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss46.5389" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section><section data-annotation-id="142R" style="transform: matrix(1.66667, 0, 0, 1.66667, 0, 0); transform-origin: -337.52px -569.294px 0px; left: 337.52px; top: 569.294px; width: 41.256px; height: 9.8559px;" class="linkAnnotation"><a title="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6438-9731" href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6438-9731" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section><section data-annotation-id="143R" style="transform: matrix(1.66667, 0, 0, 1.66667, 0, 0); transform-origin: -79.3701px -579.794px 0px; left: 79.3701px; top: 579.794px; width: 86.0549px; height: 9.8559px;" class="linkAnnotation"><a title="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6438-9731" href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6438-9731" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section></div></div><div class="page" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" data-page-number="2" data-loaded="true"><div style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" class="canvasWrapper"><canvas moz-opaque="" width="780" height="1111" style="width: 780px; height: 1111px;" aria-label="Página 2"></canvas></div><div class="textLayer" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;"><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 1037.13px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02411);">Equidad Desarro. N.º 46 </span><span style="left: 246.584px; top: 1039.82px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 249.917px; top: 1037.13px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01075);"> julio-diciembre de 2025 </span><span style="left: 377.642px; top: 1039.82px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 380.975px; top: 1037.13px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00222);"> ISSN 1692-7311 </span><span style="left: 471.375px; top: 1039.82px; font-size: 6.66667px; font-family: serif;"></span><span style="left: 474.708px; top: 1037.13px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992133);"> E-ISSN: 2389-8844 </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 54.8487px; font-size: 12.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05898);">Leopoldo Sánchez Cantú</span><span style="left: 45.6693px; top: 192.894px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif;">2</span><span style="left: 127.559px; top: 441.547px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01736);">Systems thinking; </span><span style="left: 127.559px; top: 459.88px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00154);">wicked problems; </span><span style="left: 127.559px; top: 478.214px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01627);">complexity; simulation </span><span style="left: 127.559px; top: 496.547px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03498);">modelling.</span><span style="left: 127.559px; top: 594.467px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992173);">A12, C63, D81</span><span style="left: 128.504px; top: 562.428px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0394);">JEL classification:</span><span style="left: 128.504px; top: 412.413px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973077);">Key words:</span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 115.679px; font-size: 20px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04485);">Systems Thinking, Complexity and Simulation </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 140.679px; font-size: 20px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04092);">Models: Paradigms for Meeting 21st Century </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 165.679px; font-size: 20px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05641);">Challenges</span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 206.187px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10314);">Abstract</span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 234.281px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0241);">We argue that systems thinking and complexity thinking provide </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 254.276px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998876);">essential paradigms for understanding and addressing humani-</span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 274.271px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.970858);">tys most pressing challenges. These frameworks offer valuable </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 294.266px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03102);">tools for designing solutions that are not only more effective but </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 314.261px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01201);">also more equitable, ethical, and sustainable. In this context, </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 334.256px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.86629);">we </span><span style="left: 315.533px; top: 334.256px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985055);">examine so-called “wicked problems”—issues characterized </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 354.251px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00233);">by high levels of uncertainty, interdependence, and resistance </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 374.246px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00026);">to straightforward solutions. We emphasize the importance of </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 394.241px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00295);">recognizing such problems and explore the factors that make </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 414.236px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984098);">them particularly difficult to analyze and resolve. Systems </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 434.231px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997791);">thinking and complexity thinking are described in </span><span style="left: 622.343px; top: 434.231px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00054);">detail, and </span><span style="left: 292.913px; top: 454.226px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04601);">we demonstrate that </span><span style="left: 423.128px; top: 454.226px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04613);">grasping the multifaceted nature of </span><span style="left: 646.583px; top: 454.226px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01445);">wicked </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 474.221px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04582);">problems necessitates a transdisciplinary approach. We also </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 494.216px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982619);">classify the methodologies employed in complexity science </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 514.211px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993103);">into three broad categories: (1) aggregated qualitative models, </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 534.206px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.96);">(2) </span><span style="left: 313.643px; top: 534.206px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997948);">aggregated quantitative models, and (3) individual-based mod-</span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 554.201px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.938405);">els. Key </span><span style="left: 342.728px; top: 554.201px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997111);">characteristics of simulation </span><span style="left: 515.453px; top: 554.201px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998688);">modeling are discussed, with </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 574.196px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975621);">particular emphasis on problem- </span><span style="left: 495.608px; top: 574.196px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981402);">oriented design. In conclusion, </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 594.191px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995382);">we highlight critical </span><span style="left: 428.528px; top: 594.191px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985793);">considerations for effectively tackling the </span><span style="left: 292.898px; top: 614.186px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01223);">most urgent issues facing communities today.</span><span style="left: 421.736px; top: 666.795px; font-size: 14.1667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995854);">El conocimiento se construye a contracorriente, </span><span style="left: 328.831px; top: 686.799px; font-size: 14.1667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00623);">confrontando lo ya dicho. Es una ruptura con el sentido común. </span><span style="left: 427.601px; top: 706.802px; font-size: 14.1667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0125);">Es una acción polémica incesante de la razón.</span><span style="left: 569.154px; top: 726.72px; font-size: 14.1667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01416);">Bourdieu et al., 1973</span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 759.567px; font-size: 26.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05961);">Introducción</span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 816.931px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01869);">Así como un embrión en sucesivos estadios de desarrollo muestra </span><span style="left: 590.978px; top: 816.931px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0039);">características </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 841.098px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.956755);">de especies distintas a la propia, recordando su filogenia</span><span style="left: 528.168px; top: 842.246px; font-size: 10.2025px; font-family: serif;">1</span><span style="left: 533.269px; top: 841.097px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.955371);"> en su ontogenia</span><span style="left: 655.096px; top: 842.246px; font-size: 10.2025px; font-family: serif;">2</span><span style="left: 660.514px; top: 841.097px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.858233);">, las </span><span style="left: 118.119px; top: 865.265px; font-size: 17.5px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981811);">ciencias de la complejidad, en cuyo linaje hay tanto ciencias naturales como </span><span style="left: 160.63px; top: 927.474px; font-size: 7.77333px; font-family: serif;">1</span><span style="left: 184.783px; top: 926.679px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00218);">Filogenia</span><span style="left: 235.41px; top: 926.599px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.94363);"> hace referencia al origen y desarrollo evolutivo de las especies, y de las distintas </span><span style="left: 160.637px; top: 944.092px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.96518);">estirpes de seres vivos.</span><span style="left: 160.63px; top: 967.199px; font-size: 7.77333px; font-family: serif;">2</span><span style="left: 187.304px; top: 966.403px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01305);">Ontogenia</span><span style="left: 243.731px; top: 966.323px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973445);"> hace alusión al desarrollo del individuo, referido en especial al período </span><span style="left: 619.998px; top: 966.323px; font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01446);">embrionario.</span><div class="endOfContent"></div></div></div><div class="page" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" data-page-number="3"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" data-page-number="4"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" style="width: 779px; height: 1110px;" data-page-number="5"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" style="width: 779px; 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